Media Glossary

Collective Identity: A sense of ‘one-ness’. A membership in a social group that is collective and has a sense of togetherness.
Hegemony: Leadership or dominance, esp. by one country or social group over others.
Subculture: A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture
Subversion: corruption, going against the typical view/social norms
Ideology: The ideas and manner of thinking of a group, social class, or individual:
Dichotomous: divided or dividing into two sharply distinguished parts or classifications
Dissonance: disagreement: a conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters
Archetypal: Very typical of a certain kind of person or thing
Subservient: Less important; subordinate
Anarchy: A state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority
Counter Culture: A subculture that is opposed to the dominant values in a society
Surveillance: close observation of a person or group
Mediated: adapt, change.
Divergent: the act of moving away in different direction from a common point
Perspective: A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view
The Female Gaze: Women are capable of what men are doing
The Male Gaze: Women objectified by male media
Post – Modernism: involves the belief that many, if not all, apparent realities are only social constructs, as they are subject to change inherent to time and place.
Viral: the rapid spread of information about a product or service by viral marketing techniques
Media – Saturated: Media is inescapable, we see it everywhere
Emergence: The process of becoming important, prominent.
Social Order: Stance and status (hierarchy)
Hierarchy: The order of status
Distorted: Giving a misleading or false account or impression; misrepresented
Moral Panic: the intensity of feeling expressed in a population about an issue that appears to threaten the social order
Reflection: The media presents opposite views from what has already been constructed
Construction: The way something is put together
Apathy: Lack of interest, not bothered.
Online media:
Regulation: A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority (Censorship, blocking of content)
Web 2.0: user centred information sharing (twitter and facebook)
Desensitised: Make less sensitive (exposure)
Verisimilitude: The appearance of being true or real
David Buckingham: “A focus on identity requires us to pay closer attention to the ways in which media and technologies are used in everyday life and their consequences for social groups”.
Hypodermic needle Model: Media is like a drug, it’s all around us and we even take it in without trying. The Hypodermic Needle Model suggests that the information from a text passes into the mass consciousness of the audience unmediated; the experience, intelligence and opinion of an individual are not relevant to the reception of the text
Karl Marx – Marxism Theory
Merlau Ponty - We have an embodied experience and anything in which we use our bodies to create, we help builds our identity.
Richard Jenkins: We need to interact in order to form our identity. With others or the media, partaking in an event (reality virtually) with people who help us form a collective identity.
Henri Jenkins:
Strinati:
David Gaunlett: “Identity is complicated; everybody thinks they’ve got one.”
Henri Tajfel - Individuals strive to improve their self-image by trying to enhance their self-esteem, based on their personal identity or various social identities - ‘in’ group, ‘out’ group.
Stuart Hall: Proposes that the media, as a principle from of ideological spreading, produces representations of the social world via images and portrayals. Hall asserts that ideological things become ‘naturalised’.
Caroline Howarth:
Jacques Lacan – Mirror stage. “we try to gain an understanding of ourselves by looking through a mirror” Child beings to develop their identity by ‘mirroring’ what they see (media).
Marxism: Communism, one way of thinking and living
Neo – Marxism:
Richard Dyer: “A star is an image constructed from a range of materials”
Michel Foucault: We are born with a basic construction of identity. Our identity mediates as we get older and meet other people creating a collective identity. However, it can be limited because a stereotypical view is created and portrayed as assumptions are made.
Isidore Isou:
Audience Gratification Theory: Blumer & Katz; Diversion - escape from everyday problems and routine. Personal Relationships - using the media for emotional and other interaction, eg) substituting soap operas for family life. Personal Identity - finding yourself reflected in texts, learning behaviour and values from texts. Surveillance - Information which could be useful for living eg) weather reports, financial news, holiday bargains.
Winship: notion of complexity is about being prepared, in terms of audienc gratificatioin to finally recognise the ideal version of ourselves. A constructed audience is 'made'
Maslow:hierachy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top.